Overview
Parkinson's is a progressive neurological condition caused by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, which affects movement control and coordination.
It often begins subtly with tremors in one hand, mild stiffness, or slower movements, and gradually progresses to affect balance, posture, facial expression, and speech. As it advances, daily activities like walking, writing, or buttoning clothes can become more challenging. Symptoms vary widely between individuals and evolve over time.
- Mild tremor in one hand, often at rest
- Slower movement or reduced hand/arm swing while walking
- Stiffness in muscles or joints without clear injury
- Subtle changes in handwriting (smaller, cramped writing)
- Reduced facial expressions or “mask-like” face
- Softening of voice or reduced speech clarity
- Slight balance issues or feeling less steady while turning
Dopamine is essential for smooth and coordinated movement, so its decline directly affects motor control, causing Parkinson's disease.
As dopamine levels drop, communication between brain regions becomes less efficient, leading to symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and slowed movement.
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is linked to a combination of genetic susceptibility, age-related changes in the brain, and environmental factors that may contribute to nerve cell damage over time.
- Ageing and natural neurodegenerative changes
- Genetic susceptibility in some individuals
- Environmental toxin exposure over time
- Oxidative stress and cellular damage in the brain
- Reduced dopamine-producing neuron function
- Family history of Parkinson’s disease (in a subset of cases)
As Parkinson’s progresses, it can affect multiple layers of function, including:
Increasing difficulty with movement, balance, and coordination
Progressive slowing of daily activities
Speech and handwriting changes becoming more pronounced
Higher risk of falls and mobility limitations
Reduced facial expression and communication ability
Decline in independence for routine tasks
- Adults above 60 with tremors or stiffness
- People with subtle changes in movement or coordination
- Those with family history of Parkinson’s disease
- Individuals with balance issues or slower movements
- People with reduced facial expression or handwriting changes
While degenerative, progressive guidance, training and nutrition can retain mobility and independence.
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