Osteoporosis

- Gradual loss of height over time
- Back pain, especially due to minor strain or compression
- Bones that feel more sensitive to minor bumps or falls
- Stooped posture or increasing curvature of the upper back
- Fractures occurring from low-impact injuries or falls
- Reduced grip strength or overall skeletal fragility feeling
- Subtle decline in mobility or confidence in movement

Osteoporosis occurs when the natural process of bone breakdown begins to outpace new bone formation, leading to progressively weaker and more fragile bones.

As bone density reduces over time, the internal structure of bones becomes porous, making them more vulnerable to fractures even with minor stress or falls.

This imbalance is commonly driven by ageing, hormonal changes (especially reduced estrogen after menopause), low calcium and vitamin D intake, inactivity, long-term steroid use, and genetic factors.

- Ageing and post-menopausal hormonal changes
- Low calcium and vitamin D intake
- Physical inactivity and low weight-bearing exercise
- Long-term steroid or certain medication use
- Family history of bone fragility or fractures
- Low body weight or poor nutritional status
- Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Over time, osteoporosis can significantly weaken the skeletal system, leading to:

- Increased risk of fractures even from minor falls or stress
- Gradual loss of height and spinal compression changes
- Back pain due to vertebral weakening
- Stooped posture and reduced spinal alignment
- Reduced mobility and confidence in movement
- Long-term loss of independence in severe cases

- Post-menopausal women and older adults
- People with low calcium or vitamin D intake
- Those with fractures from minor falls or strain
- Individuals on long-term steroids or similar medications
- People with low body weight or inactive lifestyle